Wielkie pożary jako skutek zmian klimatu

Wygląda na to, że z uporem brnę w pokazywanie problemów i ważnych książek, ale obawiam się, że „eko konfekcja” zręcznie podsycana przez media i korporacje, całkowicie przysłoni nam obraz tego co się dzieje naprawdę. Zanim jeszcze słynna Greta napisze cokolwiek, stare, winne wszystkiemu pokolenie, stara się jak może w rozpoznaniu i ostrzeganiu przed skutkami zmian klimatu.
W 2017 roku, bardzo interesujący, kanadyjski autor – Edward Struzik, napisał książkę FIRESTORM. How Wildfire will Shape Our Future. Książka ta powinna stać się obowiązkową lekturą na wydziałach leśnych… przynajmniej tam, poza oczywistym szkoleniem służb pożarniczych i samorządów.
Książka zawiera 10 części i podsumowanie (257 stron i sporo bardzo interesujących fotografii), a jej osią jest opis przyczyn, przebiegu i skutków wielkiego pożaru nazywanego przez kanadyjskich strażaków – Bestią (The Beast). Pożar ten, nawiedził prowincję Alberta w Kanadzie i zamienił w zgliszcza 566,168 ha, zniszczył 2,800 budynków, zabił setki, a może tysiące ludzi, których zwęglone ciała znajdowano potem w ich własnych samochodach, domach i lasach, a całkowity koszt strat oszacowano na blisko 9 miliardów dolarów. Przyczyny i przebieg tego pożaru, a także jego gwałtowność (… Bestia) zwróciły uwagę na nowy typ wielkich pożarów, jakie wybuchają raz za razem z pozornie trudnych do rozpoznania przyczyn. Także skutki tych pożarów, wykraczają poza ramy znanych dotąd kataklizmów i nie kończą się wraz z wygaśnięciem ognia. Najbardziej widocznym, zabójczym i długotrwałym skutkiem tego typu pożarów jest wielomiesięczne, a nawet wieloletnie skażenie powietrza.
W związku z opisywanym pożarem, przyjęto określenie megafire, na pożary naturalne (wildfire), które dotykają powierzchni około 40 tys. ha i większych. Zajęto się historią tego typu pożarów, częstotliwością, przyczynami i sposobami walki z nimi. Jest się czym zajmować, bo tylko w 2004 roku spaliło się na Alasce 2,7 milionów ha, a na pobliskim Terytorium Yukonu spaliło się 1, 5 milionów ha… oczywiście dzieje się to także i w pobliskiej Rosji, ale zwyczajowo nie znamy dokładnych danych… To zimne, północne obszary, które są najbardziej podatne na zmiany klimatu, które wytwarzają zupełnie nowe sytuacje ekologiczne.
Trzy z 10 części książki wydają się kluczowe i noszą także znamienne tytuły: The Beast Awakens, Visions of the Pyrocene i The Big Smoke. Mimo, że Autor nie popada w emocjonalne rozedrganie, to jednak obraz jaki wyłania się z tego przeglądu faktów, układających się w wizję życia wśród wielkich pożarów, nie napawa optymizmem…
Pisałem wyżej o tym, że książka Edwarda Struzika powinna stać się pozycją obowiązkową w ramach nauki o wyzwaniach jakim będziemy musieli sprostać (chyba, że Polska nie musi?) w wyniku zmian klimatycznych. Podtrzymuję tę opinię, bo pożary opisane przez Struzika nie są zagrożeniem jedynie dla (niby) dalekiej Kanady. Warunki w jakich powstają, rozmiary jakie osiągają i aktualna częstość ich pojawiania się, dotyka już nie tylko Kanadę, USA czy Australię. Tego typu pożary bywały już i w Polsce, a są stałym elementem w Strefie Śródziemnomorskiej, gdzie wspomagane są celowymi podpaleniami. Niestety, naszą „klasę” dziennikarską nie interesują zupełnie tego typu problemy, a przez lata pewnie i nie ma już w tym środowisku ludzi dysponujących wiedzą podobną do tej jaką dysponuje Autor FIRESTORM… Bo książka Struzika jest przykładem znakomitej roboty dziennikarskiej o jakiej już prawie w Polsce zapomnieliśmy, mimo znakomitych postaci w historii.
Struzik przytacza opinię, że do wystąpienia ogniowych nawałnic na skalę Bestii, potrzeba spełnienia trzech czynników: przesuszenia lasów i łąk, wzrostu średniej temperatury i pojawiania się gwałtownych, porywistych wiatrów. Na terenach leśnych, potwierdzeniem tego typu konfiguracji ekologicznej, a w konsekwencji Wielkiego Ognia, są masowe pojawy szkodników drzew i drewna.
Według moich obserwacji i wiedzy, wszystkie trzy elementy są już obecne w Polsce, a i zapowiedzi kataklizmu mamy przed oczyma. Bardzo chciałbym się mylić, ale wielkie obszary stale odwadnianych lasów i torfowisk, także olbrzymie powierzchnie rachitycznych sośnin jakie utrzymujemy w 2/3 Polski, to pierwsze miejsca, gdzie wystąpią pożary nowego typu. Mamy za sobą ich zwiastun w postaci olbrzymiego pożaru w Kuźni Raciborskiej i obecnego pożaru jaki właściwie mało kogo obchodzi. Także Puszcza Białowieska, została w sporej części doskonale przygotowana do wywołania pożarowej Bestii i miał tam miejsce masowy pojaw kornika… Kilka innych obszarów szykuje się do tej roli starannie i z dużym wysiłkiem ekonomicznym. Trudno jest pojąć ten rodzaj szaleństwa i braku wiedzy.
Dla tych, którzy zazwyczaj zwalają wszystko na „emocje” i „ekologiczną histerię”, a programowo nie wyciągają wniosków z tego co można zobaczyć i przeczytać, Struzik przytacza interesujący aspekt skutków nawalnych pożarów (nazywając je częścią nowego pożarowego paradygmatu) w postaci zauważalnej migracji poważnie zaniepokojonych ludzi. Od lat 90. XX wieku przewidujący mieszkańcy Kalifornii uciekają przed pożarami i przenoszą się na północ i w góry. Podaje się, że migracja ta osiąga już setki tysięcy osób, a to co działo się w Kalifornii w ubiegłym roku, potwierdziło słuszność ich decyzji. Najwyraźniej żarty się już skończyły.

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